They could not own land and were restricted to just a few occupations, such as moneylending and trading. In 1189, the Third Crusade, in which the Roman Catholic pope called upon European nations to reconquer the Holy Land in Palestine, aroused Christian zealotry.īy the twelfth century, Jews were persecuted throughout Europe. In England, wild rumors began about a Jewish ritual, "blood libel," in which a Christian child was killed. Historians disagree to the exact causes, but beginning in the late eleventh to the late twelfth century, hostility among Christians toward Jews increased considerably. Anti-Semitism within the Christian Church had been significant from its foundation, but there were long periods when Christians and Jews interacted peacefully, if not always equally, in certain parts of Europe. Starting around the eleventh century, however, outbreaks of anti-Semitism and violence against the Jews became more and more frequent throughout Europe. A large population of Jews immigrated to Europe, most notably to Spain, where they prospered for hundreds of years.
They migrated to places such as Egypt and Babylon, which became a great Jewish center. By the sixth centuryc.e., Jews had become a minority in Israel. Jews began to move to other cities, where they could study and carry on in their own traditions. The land, though, was dominated by other states and empires. most of the northern tribes of Israel were expelled, but the tribes in Judah remained. The Jews settled there thousands of years ago in two kingdoms, the kingdom of Israel in the north and the kingdom of Judah in the south. The biblical account of Jewish history starts in Canaan, which comprises present-day Israel and parts of Jordan. They have maintained it, amid appalling adversities, right up to the present." Historical background In the words of historian Paul Johnson: "The Jews created a separate and specific identity earlier than almost any other people, an identity that still survives. In all their worldwide migrations, they maintained their identity as Jews. Throughout history the Jews were persecuted (abused and oppressed) and sent into exile (sent away from one's homeland). Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion (religion whose supporters believe in one god) in the history of modern human life. They have a very long and unique history among the peoples of the world. The Jews came to the United States from a variety of nations. I n 2000 there were 6,150,000 Jews in the United States, accounting for about 2 percent of the population.
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